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About Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
Lifespan: 1285-1320 A.D
Reign Years: 1311 – 1320 A.D
Given Name: Borjigin Ayurparibhadra
Reign Name: Renzong
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan – Yuan Dynasty
Buyantu Khan, born Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, was also known as Emperor Renzong of Yuan. Aside from being the 4th Yuan dynasty emperor of China, he was the 8th Great Khan of the Mongols. He was the second son of Darmabala and Dagi from Khunggirat and Kublai Khan’s great-grandson.
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan was also the very first Yuan Dynasty emperor who positively adopted Confucian principles into their administration system. Emperor Renzong of Yuan was mentored and assisted by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. His presence greatly influenced the political attitude of the Yuan Dynasty emperor even during his early years.
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan was able to succeed peacefully to the throne. From there, he was able to alter and reverse his brother’s, Khayisan policies.
Early Career
Emperor Renzong of Yuan became the head of the central administrative organization called Zhongshu Sheng. It was managed by his brother and predecessor, Khayishan Kulug Khan.
Ayurbawada surrounded himself with Chinese scholars, artists, lyricists, and the like. It allowed him to learn how to read and write in Chinese; plus, he began appreciating Chinese art and calligraphy. This was in addition to his already great knowledge of Chinese history and Confucianism.
Since he was greatly swayed by Confucian political ethics, he naturally disliked his brother’s exploitative tactics.
The partisans of Khayishan accused Li Meng of advising Ayurbarwada to keep the throne to himself. Because of this incident, Li Meng left the court after Khayishan ascended.
Of course, Ayurbarwada spoke out to defend Li Meng, but accomplished nothing after.
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Buy Now!Emperor Renzong of Yuan’s Enthronement
Khayishan died in 1311 and was succeeded by Ayurbarwada. During his succession, he didn’t experience any struggles and was able to smoothly and peacefully transition to the throne.
This was made possible because Khayishan designated him as the heir in 1307. It was in accordance with an earlier agreement; plus, he was appointed as a titular head of the Zhongshu Sheng.
Additionally, he had the title of Buyantu during his accession in the Kurultai.
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Buy Now!Reign of Emperor Renzong of Yuan
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan stood out among other Yuan Emperors and reintroduced the imperial examination system. He stressed reform efforts that were based on Confucianism principles specifically for the Yuan government.
His reforms included dissolving the Department of State Affairs that was established during Khayishan’s rule. The Yuan Dynasty emperor reintroduced the imperial examination system. It’s specifically for public officials and is quite like the system of previous Chinese dynasties.
This imperial examination system wasn’t made effective until this period and has been debated repeatedly during Kublai Khan’s reign. Instead, it became mainly based on Neo-Confucianism, which was then made as China’s state philosophy for centuries.
Race-based quotas had been set for such examinations. It allowed several Han Chinese and Mongols to enter as civil officials in the government.
Increased Commercial Connections with Europe
During his rule as the Yuan Dynasty emperor, commercial links with Europe boosted. Emperor Renzong also established a deal with Oljeitu. This was against Esen Buqa I of the Chagatai Khanate, who charged and assaulted the Yuan forces.
Abolition of Jarghuchi
In 1311, Ayurbarwada ordered the nullification of the Jarghuchi or judge of the princely organization created by Ogedei Khan. From there, he sent all Mongolian violators to the jurisdiction of Chienbu. This was while trying to prevent separate appanage judges.
Plus, he limited the position of Jarghuchi to judicial affairs, setting them up under the Court of Imperial Clans.
Death of Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
After he reneged his promise later in his rule, he made his son, Shidibala, the new crown prince. When Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan died in 1320, his son succeeded him as the Yuan dynasty emperor instead of Khayisan’s sons.
When he died, it caused decades of continuous political turmoil. The Khunggirat party that was under Temuder and Dagi became more powerful at the court. And after the killing of Shidibala in 1323, none of Ayurbawada’s descendants led the empire.